Ubwihindurize Amateka yinganda eptfe

Ubwihindurize bwinganda za eptfe ninkuru ishimishije yateye imbere mugihe cyo gushinga inganda zikoresha impinduramatwara.Amateka ya epoxy atangira mu 1884, mugihe umuhanga mu bya shimi Alfred Einhorn yashizemo ibice bishya biva muri Ethylene na formaldehyde.Uru ruganda rwiswe “epoxide”, amaherezo yaje kwitwa epoxy mu kuyihuza na polyol cyangwa esters.Mugihe iyi formulaire yumwimerere yari ifite ibikorwa byinshi bifatika, imikoreshereze yayo yagumye kuba mike kubera igiciro cyinshi no kubura ibikoresho fatizo bihari.Mu 1940, abashakashatsi benshi bakoze uko bashoboye kugira ngo bateze imbere umwimerere wa epoxy harimo Umunyamerika Richard Condon wavumbuye uburyo bwo kurushaho kuramba ukoresheje polyol ikomoka ku bicuruzwa bikomoka kuri peteroli nka oxyde ya cyclohexane na fenol novolak resin.Muri icyo gihe, abahanga bo mu Bwongereza batangiye kugerageza ibintu bitandukanye bivura nka amine na acide bivamo ibicuruzwa byiza byashoboraga gukoreshwa mu kumurika hejuru nka pani bituma bikomera kurusha mbere bityo bigatanga inzira yubuhanga bugezweho bwo gukora ibikoresho.Mu gihe cy'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, ibikorwa bya gisirikare byakoreshwaga mu bihe byashize byiyongera cyane ku buryo hasabwa amanota meza y'ibikoresho bitanga ibikoresho kugira ngo biteze imbere ibintu bidasanzwe nko kurwanya ubushyuhe, guhindagurika ku bushyuhe buke, kurwanya imiti n'ibindi, bikabafasha kuzuza ibisabwa bikenewe mu gukora ibice by'indege.Iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryarakomeje neza kugeza mu myaka ya za 1950 aho iterambere ryakozwe mu buryo bwombi bwo gutunganya umusaruro w’ubukorikori hamwe n’ibyakozwe hamwe hagati ya reberi karemano & sintetike ya rubber ivanze hamwe nuzuza nka asibesitosi irema ibyo tuzi ubu nk '' elastomers yuzuye 'cyangwa reberi yashimangiye plastike (FRP).Mu ntangiriro ya za 1960 inzira zinyuranye zanonosowe kuburyo buhagije kuburyo sisitemu yinganda zitanga umusaruro mwinshi zishobora gushyirwa mubikorwa biganisha ku majyambere aganisha ku kongera amabara & izindi nyongeramusaruro zituma habaho ibihe bigezweho byahinduwe epoxies ikoreshwa mu nganda nyinshi kuva mu bwubatsi n’ubuhanga binyuze mu gukora ibinyabiziga neza kugeza vuba aha ibisubizo bipfunyika bya semiconductor byakoresheje uburyo bukomeye busaba imbaraga za porojeri ya metallurgie yubushobozi hamwe nubundi buryo bwa tekinoroji yo gutwika ceramic irimo uduce duto twa diyama ituma abakora ibikoresho byo gutema bagera ku rwego rwo hejuru batigeze bumva mbere yimyaka 20 mbere yiki gihe.Iyi ngengabihe irerekana intera tugezemo kuva yatangira kuvumburwa mu 1884 ikarangira igana ku kwiyongera kwinshi bigenda byiyongera cyane byakozwe nubushakashatsi bugenda butera imbere muri iki gihe butera imipaka irenze ibyari byateganijwe mu gihe cya Alfred Einhorn ubuzima bwe bwo gufungura ubuzima butigeze butekereza ko bishoboka bityo bikarangira urugendo rw’ubwihindurize ruhuza uyu munsi ushize. iterambere ryunguka cyane ibisekuruza bizaza kwisi yose.